In my line of work, a question that comes up for me often is how to be with suffering. On a daily basis, I sit with people who suffer. I notice that a big part of it is not about what I do, but about how I show up and how I am present. Because Christianity is a compass for my life, I decided to look at what the life of Christ teaches me about being with suffering whilst remaining true to insights from psychotherapy. This is what I’ve found.

There are a lot of examples throughout the Gospels of how Jesus was present to those who suffered: the poor (Matthew 14:13-21), the physically (Matthew 14:14) and mentally ill (Mark 1:23-27), the socially excluded (Luke 5:12-16), or foreigners (John 4). The most important teaching on suffering I’ve found is in Jesus’ death. Jesus Crucified and Forsaken (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34) is the revelation that God not only became human and was close to those who suffered, but himself became pain and suffering: physical, emotional, social, spiritual.

When I look at Jesus on the cross, I’m aware that I’m in the presence of a mystery. More often than not, I don’t understand it. When I look long enough though, I begin to comprehend that Jesus’ forsakenness has a deep message. When God became human, he chose to be like one of us and would experience our darkest moments and our darkest pain. What many of us have to endure, he had to endure too. The mystery of Jesus’ suffering and death reveals to us God’s identification with unbelievable pain and suffering.

In my room, I have a small print of a painting by Jean-Georges Cornélius (23 January 1880, Strasbourg - 3 June 1963, Ploubazlanec), a French painter, that speaks to me. For me, it is the expression of a mystery that I cannot understand, only grasp in glimpses:

Painting by Jean-Georges Cornélius — The mystery of the cross Painting by Jean-Georges Cornélius

The painting speaks about the mystery of the cross, the mystery that God becomes human suffering, rather than doing something to it. It tells us that in Jesus, God reveals to us that even though his love doesn’t protect us from anything, he mysteriously sustains us in all things.

A question that may come up here is: what could that mean for my own life?

Chiara Lubich and bridal mysticism

In search for a response, I found inspiration in Chiara Lubich, one of the great women mystics of the 20th century. Some scholars describe her spirituality as bridal mysticism, a tradition in which the soul relates to God in a deeply intimate way. I want to introduce you to parts of a talk she gave in 1972 and that reflects such bridal mysticism. The talk is colloquial and has the air of a living room conversation.

In this talk, Chiara talks about sound psychological processes when confronted with suffering. In it, she also describes, however, her great spiritual love-story: in every suffering, no matter what, she finds her spouse, the love of her life: Jesus Forsaken. The love she has for him, makes her go towards suffering, rather than run away from it. It’s important to mention that when Chiara talks about going towards suffering, she intends unavoidable suffering. It has always been clear to her that when suffering is avoidable, it is necessary to remove its cause, be it psychological, physical, social, or political – personal or collective.

In one part of the talk, Chiara tells an experience she had when she heard that an incredibly precious piece of art had been damaged by a person who was mentally unwell. She describes that she felt “stunned” at this news, didn’t know what to feel or think. This is what she says:

“So while I felt stunned, I tried to give a name to this suffering. In saying the name, however, I tried to put myself in an attitude of loving this suffering: Jesus Forsaken ‘stunned,’ and I called him by name. I called him by name in the sense that I said, ‘stunned.’ In that moment it seemed that Jesus Forsaken could be summed up in this one word, ‘stunned,’ that this one word explained the reality of Jesus Forsaken, ‘the one who was stunned.’”

Chiara describes how she gave a name to a fact that overwhelmed her. Neuro-physiological research shows that when we do such a thing, giving a name to a painful situation, it calms the area in our brain which triggers us into anxiety, anger or panic (Liebermann et al., 2007). Doing so, pausing and giving it a name, our ability to discern, care, and show compassion comes back online. This makes it possible for us not to run away from pain or suppress it and gives us the capacity for compassion and love.

In her talk, Chiara continues:

“There was another word that had the same effect on me, so I wrote it down here. I had a particular job to do, but it was impossible for me to do it. So I felt blocked, restrained, at a standstill. It was impossible for me to go ahead and this was a suffering. So I loved the suffering, because we must love suffering, and as soon as I started to love it, I understood that his name is ‘blocked,’ one who is blocked. And so I realized that Jesus Forsaken is one who is blocked. In fact, he appeared to me to be only that – a person who is unable to move, blocked.”

Here Chiara describes another painful situation. She refers to feeling “blocked, restrained, at a standstill.” She speaks about “loving the suffering” and goes as far as to say “we must love suffering.” I would like to unpick this for a moment. I imagine “loving suffering” may sound unacceptable. “Loving suffering” can sound even a harmful thing to do as, indeed, it is psychologically healthy to avoid and prevent pain or suffering. We must do everything we can do to heal pain and alleviate suffering. This expression needs clarifying, therefore. Doing some historical research in the archives, I became aware that Chiara has often used the expression “to love suffering,” as a shortcut to “to loving Jesus Forsaken within that suffering.” For example, talking to a group of people in 1995 in Graechen (Switzerland), somebody asked her what to do when the expression “to love pain” appears a frightening concept. Chiara emphasizes in her answer that it is not about loving pain, but about loving Jesus Forsaken, who is present in every person who suffers.

Dialogue with psychology

Understanding better that Chiara’s core message is about loving the person of the crucified Jesus who presents himself within every suffering, I noticed, though, that my curiosity about the expression “to love suffering” remained. I wondered what would happen if I substituted the verb “to love” with related verbs. I did that and looked at what different writers in the field of psychology had to say. I reframed “to love suffering” with “to accept”, “to embrace” or “to give meaning.” This is what I’ve found.

Arnold Beisser, one of the pioneers of Gestalt psychotherapy coined the concept of the “paradoxical theory of change.” Inspired by his own life experience, which meant living almost totally paralyzed from age 24 onwards, he states that growth, change or healing occur organically when we bring undesirable facts of life to awareness and allow what we cannot change, rather than denying it or frantically trying to change it. He famously stated: “Change occurs when one becomes what he is, not when he tries to become what he is not.” (Beisser, 1970, p.77).

Steven Hayes, the founder of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy talks about accepting and embracing difficult circumstances. He writes: “Acceptance, in the sense it is used here, is not nihilistic self-defeat; neither is it tolerating and putting up with your pain … [It is] the active, vital embrace of the moment.” (Hayes, 2005, p. 29).

Viktor Frankl who became famous through his experience in a concentration camp during the second world war, later founded Logotherapy, a psychotherapeutic approach that emphasizes the finding of meaning in one’s life as central to healing. He suggests: “Suffering ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning.” (Frankl, 1946 [1992], p.84).

In this light, I would describe Chiara’s approach as follows: she doesn’t glance over suffering, she slows down, brings it to her awareness, doesn’t try to change it but embraces it. She is an active agent in the encounter with it. Finally, and possibly the most important step, she gives it meaning: in the undesired fact of life, she sees the face of her spiritual spouse, of Jesus Forsaken. For her, this changes everything. This approach, if it is chosen freely and not imposed, is a wholesome way of being with suffering.

A game of hide and seek

Returning to Chiara Lubich’s talk of 1972, she continues:

“At a certain point, I lived Jesus Forsaken in a moment when I found myself perplexed before a particular situation. I felt the suffering, I began to understand that this suffering had to be loved and I gave it a name. I said: ‘perplexed.’ As I was saying the name, in a certain sense I was calling Jesus because ‘I will manifest myself to the one who loves me.’ And so in loving the suffering, he showed himself to me. I realized that beneath that word, ‘perplexed,’ there was the whole reality of Jesus Forsaken, because in order to describe Jesus Forsaken, it would suffice to say that he was ‘perplexed.’ And then I felt like laughing because it’s as if the soul and Jesus are playing a game of hide and seek. At a certain moment, he peeps out from behind a tree and says, ‘It’s me.’ ‘Oh, you again? It’s always you? You’re perplexed? You’re blocked? You’re…’ all the way down the line… ‘Troubled? You’re a difficulty, impossibility, you’re…?’ And I have the impression that this one word exhausts the whole reality of Jesus Forsaken. It’s as if my spouse dresses himself in a new and different way to present himself to me. So since I see him dressed in a new way, but I realize that, under that clothing, it is always him, ‘perplexed’ or ‘blocked,’ it makes me feel like smiling. And so I smile at him and after the smile, it’s easy to say, ‘I love you.’”

In this last part the sound psychological steps offered by Chiara Lubich, flourish in a spiritual dimension. I appreciate the richness of image when she describes Jesus Forsaken playing hide and seek with her; her willingness to let herself be surprised by him in every moment, welcoming him with the love of a bride welcoming her spouse. With this part, I recognize how Chiara’s way of being with suffering inserts her in a line of mystical tradition that sees the mystery of God as better known by unknowing. In the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, we read “Truly, you are a God who hides himself, O God of Israel, the Saviour” (Isa 45:15).

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